Worker Adjustment Assistance: The Failure & The Future

Free trade has long raised the specter of job loss to a wide range of American workers, particularly in periods of recession. Today, with the weakening of free-trade supporters, and the corresponding protectionist pressure mounting, Congress may be taking its eye of the long term benefits of free trade and focusing instead on the short-term, politically attractive benefits of protectionism. This Comment argues, however, that protectionism will in fact add many new faces to America\u27s unemployment lines, and prolong the world recession - for protectionism invites retaliation, and no nation is so insulated from the world economy that it can pursue protectionism without suffering itself from resulting protectionism

Worker Adjustment Assistance: The Failure & The Future

Free trade has long raised the specter of job loss to a wide range of American workers, particularly in periods of recession. Today, with the weakening of free-trade supporters, and the corresponding protectionist pressure mounting, Congress may be taking its eye of the long term benefits of free trade and focusing instead on the short-term, politically attractive benefits of protectionism. This Comment argues, however, that protectionism will in fact add many new faces to America\u27s unemployment lines, and prolong the world recession - for protectionism invites retaliation, and no nation is so insulated from the world economy that it can pursue protectionism without suffering itself from resulting protectionism

TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open access

Plant traits - the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants - determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait‐based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits - almost complete coverage for ‘plant growth form’. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait–environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives